Chamomile is the familiar name used for several daisy-like plants. The two most commonly associated with chamomile infusions are German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). They are related, but distinct species, so the exact plant matters when describing an ingredient.
A garden plant across Europe
Roman chamomile is native to parts of western Europe and the Mediterranean region. German chamomile has a broader range across Europe and western Asia and has travelled widely through cultivation. Their fine foliage and small, bright flower heads have made chamomile recognisable in cottage gardens and herb collections over many generations.
In medieval European gardens, chamomile appeared among the useful and aromatic plants grown close to homes and monastic communities. Historical herbals recorded plants under names that have changed over time, so references to “chamomile” do not always identify the same species with modern botanical precision.
Flowers in cups and kitchens
Today, chamomile is commonly enjoyed as a caffeine-free herbal infusion. The dried flower heads are steeped in hot water, either on their own or as part of a blend. Their gentle floral aroma also appears in some sweets, baked goods and infused syrups. The flavour can vary with the species, growing conditions, harvest and preparation.
Chamomile has also had practical uses beyond the kitchen. Roman chamomile has been grown as a fragrant ground cover, while chamomile flowers have featured in hair and personal-care preparations. These uses reflect the plant’s scent and appearance as much as its place in garden history.
A note on the name
The word “chamomile” comes from Greek roots often translated as “earth apple,” a reference to the apple-like scent associated with some plants called chamomile. The common name covers more than one species, which is why clear botanical identification is useful when reading labels or recipes.
This page covers botanical background, history and customary food and infusion uses only. It makes no therapeutic claims and does not describe medical use.
Further reading: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Chamomile; English Heritage: Medieval herb gardens.